THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFORT–REWARD IMBALANCE AND HUMAN RESOURCE PERFORMANCE AT THALIA IRHAM GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54973/jham.v7i1.942Keywords:
Effort-Reward Imbalance, Human Resource Performance, Hospital, Healthcare Workers, Human Resource ManagementAbstract
Human resource (HR) performance is a crucial factor in determining the quality of hospital services. However, excessive work demands that are not balanced by adequate rewards may reduce employee motivation and productivity. One psychosocial factor that can influence employee performance is Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), a condition in which the efforts expended by workers are not proportional to the rewards they receive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance and HR performance at Thalia Irham General Hospital in 2026. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 120 healthcare and supporting staff selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the ERI questionnaire and a validated and reliable HR performance assessment instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that most respondents experienced high ERI levels (58.3%) and demonstrated moderate to low performance (61.7%). Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance and HR performance (p = 0.001). Employees experiencing high ERI were more likely to exhibit suboptimal performance compared to those with lower ERI levels. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance and HR performance at Thalia Irham General Hospital in 2026. Therefore, improving reward systems, work recognition, and workload balance is necessary to enhance employee performance and organizational effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Fan, C., Li, C., Li, X., Wang, R., Song, J., Chen, Z., & Yin, W. (2025). The effect of effort-reward imbalance on job performance among primary healthcare professionals: The mediating roles of social support and resilience. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 20036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05533-9
Gao, Y., Wang, J., Liu, K., & Chen, X. (2021). Association between effort-reward imbalance and work performance among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 845–853. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06845-2
Hämmig, O. (2025). Reward frustration and withdrawal from work in health care: A cross-sectional study among health professionals. Frontiers in Health Services, 5, 1498073. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1498073
Heming, M., Siegrist, J., Erschens, R., Kuhn, A., & Loerbroks, A. (2023). Managers’ perception of hospital employees’ effort-reward imbalance. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 18(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00376-4
Huang, Q., Sun, H., He, S., Zhou, Z., Huang, R., Ma, Y., & Li, X. (2024). The relationship between effort-reward imbalance and quality of working life among medical caregivers: Mediating effects of job burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1375022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375022
Li, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, L., & Zhao, X. (2022). Effort-reward imbalance and healthcare workers’ productivity: The role of organizational support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811475
Manns, L., Vögele, C., Stammet, P., Schmit, J. C., & Mossong, J. (2025). Effort-reward imbalance, burnout, and physical pain mediate the relationship between overcommitment and depression in German emergency medical technicians. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 20(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00461-w
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2022). Organizational behavior (19th ed.). Pearson Education.
Schneider, A., Hering, C., Weigl, M., & Angerer, P. (2023). Effort-reward imbalance and its association with sociocultural diversity factors at work among physicians and nurses in Germany. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 96(4), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01947-4
Siegrist, J. (2016). A theoretical model in the context of economic globalization. In J. Siegrist & M. Wahrendorf (Eds.), Work stress and health in a globalized economy (pp. 3–19). Springer.
Siegrist, J., Li, J., & Montano, D. (2024). Psychometric properties of the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(2), 1124–1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21021124
Sugiyono. (2023). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (3rd ed.). Alfabeta.
Van Vegchel, N., De Jonge, J., Bosma, H., & Schaufeli, W. (2018). Reviewing the effort-reward imbalance model: Drawing up the balance of 45 empirical studies. Social Science & Medicine, 60(5), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.043
World Health Organization. (2023). Health workforce and occupational well-being: Global report. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int
Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Xue, B., Li, Y., Yan, M., Luo, H., & Huang, X. (2024). Effort-reward imbalance and well-being among psychiatric nurses: The mediating role of burnout and decent work. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 635. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02301-4
Zulkarnain, M., Rahman, A., & Nurhayati, S. (2023). Hubungan effort-reward imbalance dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan pada rumah sakit swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, 26(2), 85–94.
